The reset command is available in the IP context of the NetShell utility. Follow these steps to use the reset command to reset TCP/IP manually:

1. To open a command prompt, click Start and then click Run. Copy and paste (or type) the following command in the Open box and then press ENTER:
   cmd
2. At the command prompt, copy and paste (or type) the following command and then press ENTER:
   netsh int ip reset c:\resetlog.txt
   Note If you do not want to specify a directory path for the log file, use the following command:
   netsh int ip reset resetlog.txt
3. Reboot the computer.

When you run the reset command, it rewrites two registry keys that are used by TCP/IP. This has the same result as removing and reinstalling the protocol. The reset command rewrites the following two registry keys:

SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\ 
SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\DHCP\Parameters\ 
				

To run the manual command successfully, you must specify a file name for the log, in which the actions that netsh takes will be recorded. When you run the manual command, TCP/IP is reset and the actions that were taken are recorded in the log file, known as resetlog.txt in this article.

The first example, c:\resetlog.txt, creates a path where the log will reside. The second example, resetlog.txt, creates the log file in the current directory. In either case, if the specified log file already exists, the new log will be appended to the end of the existing file.

When facing a system crash or startup up problems on Windows Computers, troubleshooting the problem can be difficult to resolve. The first step with recovery is to use Windows Safe Mode option during startup. One Safe Mode option that will help troubleshoot boot problems is to enable Boot Logging which will create a log and help identify the device or driver that is causing the problem during startup.

When Boot Logging is enable, Windows boots normally, until the device or driver that is causing the problem either crashes the system or completes starting up but causes an error message in the Event Log. While booting, Windows creates a log file that lists every step processed that is attempted and completed.

You can then reboot in to Safe Mode and review the log file named ntbootlog.txt. The log is stored in the %SYSTEMROOT% directory (normally C:\Windows or C:\WINNT folder). Below is an example of ntbootlog.txt log file on Windows XP (Vista log is similar):

Service Pack 2 5  4 2007 10:45:44.500
Loaded driver \WINDOWS\system32\ntkrnlpa.exe
Loaded driver \WINDOWS\system32\hal.dll
Loaded driver \WINDOWS\system32\KDCOM.DLL
Loaded driver \WINDOWS\system32\BOOTVID.dll
Loaded driver ACPI.sys
Loaded driver \WINDOWS\System32\DRIVERS\WMILIB.SYS
Loaded driver pci.sys
Loaded driver isapnp.sys
Loaded driver compbatt.sys
Loaded driver \WINDOWS\System32\DRIVERS\BATTC.SYS
Loaded driver intelide.sys
Loaded driver \WINDOWS\System32\DRIVERS\PCIIDEX.SYS
Loaded driver MountMgr.sys
Loaded driver ftdisk.sys
Loaded driver dmload.sys
Loaded driver dmio.sys
Loaded driver PartMgr.sys
Loaded driver VolSnap.sys
Loaded driver atapi.sys
Loaded driver vmscsi.sys
Loaded driver \WINDOWS\System32\DRIVERS\SCSIPORT.SYS
Loaded driver disk.sys
Loaded driver \WINDOWS\System32\DRIVERS\CLASSPNP.SYS
Loaded driver fltmgr.sys
Loaded driver sr.sys

To enable Boot Logging on Windows XP and Vista, boot your Computer, and during startup continually press F8 until the menu screen appears:

NOTE: screen shot is from XP. Vista menu will look slightly different than XP.

Press F8 to display the Advanced Menu screen and select Enable Boot Logging

You will be returned to the menu screen and you should see Enable Boot Logging in blue displayed at the bottom of the screen (don't worry if this screen is not displayed and Windows starts to boot):

If the problem does not cause Windows to crash, and after startup has completed, you can review the ntbootlog.txt file. Look for any signs of problems loading device drivers. If you find problems, go into Device Manager and disable the device or uninstall the program, then reboot again. If the problem does not occur then you know it was that device and you should check the vendor website for new drivers or known issues.

If your problem does cause Windows to crash, reboot into Safe mode by selecting Safe Mode from the Advanced Menu screen. When reviewing ntbootlog.txt file, look for events that were attempted to load but not completed. More than likely the problem will be toward the end of the file (since that was the last item logged before crashing). When you identify the problem, either uninstall the application or go in to Device Manager and disable the device. Reboot your Computer and see if the problem still exist. If it boots without crashing, check the vendor website for new drivers or known issues.

If you are still having problems, enable Boot Logging again to see if new events are logged after you have disabled the device or uninstalled the program. If you are unable to fix the problem, you may need to have a Computer shop troubleshoot the problem for you.

Notes on Boot Logging:

• Boot Logging can only be enabled from Safe Mode. Once it is enabled, it only logs during the current boot. It will not log during the next reboot unless you enable it again from Safe Mode.
• If an existing ntbootlog.txt files exist, the next time Boot Logging is enabled, Windows will append to the existing log file.
• It is a good idea to have Windows create a new log when there are no problems or after you have added new devices. This will allow full logging to occur and will let you compare with a log when problems exists.

When attempting to download and save a file in the browser, you may see an error message similar to the following:

File could not be saved, because the source file could not be read. Try again later, or contact the server administrator. 

This error can occur if the connection to the server was interrupted during the download. Make sure you are connected to the internet, then try the download again. If the problem persists, try these other solutions:

This error can occur after pausing and then resuming a download. Try downloading large files in a single step, without pausing. (It is possible that your security software is scanning and locking the file, which may still be in the system temporary folder after you pause the download. If Firefox can't access the file then resuming the download will fail.) 

If you are using a Firefox extension to manage your downloads, try disabling the extension via "Tools -> Add-ons -> Extensions". 

Another possible solution is to close Firefox completely and delete the "compreg.dat" file from the Firefox profile folder (for Windows Vista or 7: In the "Start Search" or "Search programs and files" box, type in:  %APPDATA%\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles). 

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) allows remote connections to the PC using remote computer's IP-address or name. It has a great variety of settings which can help with configuring RDP for slow connections or to make it more secure. By default, the server listens on TCP port 3389. That's why the basic info to connect to the remote PC is its IP-address(name). To provide stronger security you may want to change the default port, so that attackers will not be able to connect via default port.

To change port number for RDP in Windows XP:

1. Navigate to the following key in the registry from left pane:

1.1. Start > Run > type in: regedit - press Enter.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\TerminalServer\WinStations\RDP-Tcp\PortNumber

2. Double click on PortNumber entry, then click on Decimal, type the new port number and then click Ok. Close Registry Editor.

NOTE: When you try to connect to the remote computer using Remote Desktop Connection, you'll need to specify new port number.

Make sure the firewall is opened for this new port.

In case if a user frequently accesses shared resources available on network, he may need to think of having a shortcut on a desktop or another quick approach of accessing network resources located on different PCs in different folders. One possible and simple way which allows to resolve such a task is to use drive mapping. Below is an example how to map a network drive in Windows 7,- new OS from Microsoft:

 1. Start > Computer or double-click on Computer icon on the desktop.

 2. Click on Tools menu and choose Map Network Drive... option as on the screenshot below:

3. In the Map Network Drive window select the drive letter from the dropdown list as shown below:

4. Now either type the name of the location of the folder to be mapped or click Browse to select the folder manually from the list of available. Click on the folder that will be mapped and confirm actions by pressing O.k. button in Browse window.

5. Click Finish in the Map Network Drive window:

6. Open Computer and now mapped drive(s) should be available.

Here’s a quick how-to guide on how you can track email to it’s originating location by figuring out the email’s IP address and looking it up. I have found this to be quite useful on many occasions for verification purposes since I receive lots of emails daily due to my blog. Tracking the IP address of an email sender does require looking at some technical details, so be ready to dig your heels in!

There are basically two steps involved in the process of tracking an email: find the IP address in the email header section and then look up the location of the IP address.
Finding the IP address of an email sender in GMail, Yahoo Mail, and Outlook

Let’s go ahead and take a look at how you would do this for Google, Yahoo and Outlook since those are the most popular email clients.

Google’s Gmail

1. Log into your account and open the email in question.

2. Click on the down arrow that’s to the right of the Reply link. Choose Show Original from the list.

Now here’s the technical part that I was telling you about earlier! You need to look for the lines of text that start with “Received: from“. It might be easier to simply press Cntrl + F and perform a search for that phase. You’ll notice that there are several Received From’s in the message header. This is because the message header contains the IP addresses of all of servers involved in routing that email to you.

To find the first computer that originally sent the email, you’ll have to find the Received From that’s farthest DOWN. As you can see from the above image, the first one is from a computer called “aseem” with the IP address 72.204.154.191. Then it was routed to my ISP’s server at eastrmmtao104.cox.net and so on and so forth till it got to your email server.

The computer aseem is my personal home computer and that’s my public IP address for my house! I’ll go through Yahoo and Outlook before talking about tracking the location of that IP address.

Yahoo Mail Beta

1. Log into your account and open the email (if you’re using Yahoo Mail Beta with the new preview interface, make sure you double-click on the email so that it opens in a new tab)

2. At the top right, you’ll see there is a drop-down option where Standard Header is selected by default.

3. Click on it and choose Full Header.

Again, you’ll see the same information as before, just in a different window:

Microsoft Outlook

1. Open the email in Outlook by double-clicking on it

2. Go to View at the top menu (the menu options for the email, not the main Outlook window) and choose Options.

You’ll get a dialog box where you can set the message options and at the bottom you’ll see the Internet Headers box. For some silly reason, the box is very small and you have to scroll a lot, so it’s best to simply copy and paste the text into Notepad to view it more easily.

Tracking the location of an IP address

Now that we have our originating IP address of 72.204.154.191, let’s find out where that is! You can do this by perform a location lookup on the IP address. My favorites are IP2Location and GeoBytes IP Locator.

GeoBytes gave me a big map of New Orleans, LA along with a bunch of other information about the location itself.

IP2Location also gave me the same information pretty much, including the ISP (Cox Communications). Of course, this is correct since I live in New Orleans!

If you want more information, you can do a WHOIS database search also.

Microsoft started implementing this protocol since Windows Vista. IP v6 is a new network protocol, announced in 1988 and it was designed to increase amount of internet addresses. But though it was announced in 1998 it is still not widespread. And sometimes it can even cause troubles in networking and accessing the internet.

To disable IPv6 protocol go to Start menu -> Control Panel -> Network and Sharing Center in Vista. And go to Start menu -> Control Panel -> Network and internet -> Network and Sharing Center in windows 7. Then click Change adapter settings:

And in the following window right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties,

In the Properties windows uncheck the Internet Protocol Version 6

And click OK.

Imagine you have Airport Extreme Base Station which provides wireless access to the Web up to 50 computers whether they're PCs or Macs and you want to share a hard disk to the whole network.

What is necessary for sharing a HDD:

-external USB-HDD;

-Airport Extreme Base Station;

-PCs, Macs.

Necessary software for Windows and Mac:

-Airport utility.

For Mac: Download Airport Utility for Mac version 5.4.2 here.

For Windows: Download Airport Utility for Windows version 5.4.2 here.

Steps below describe how to share HDD using Airport Extreme on Mac computers:

1. Connect HDD to the USB-port on back side of the Airport Extreme Base Station:

2. Run Airport Utility from Applications: Utilities folder. Select your Base Station on the left pane and then press "Manual Setup" button.

3. Click "Disks" in the toolbar at the top of the Airport Utility. 

4. Switch to "File Sharing" tab and make sure that "Enable File Sharing" option is enabled: 

5. In "Secure Shared Disks" sub-menu from the drop-down list choose With A Disk Password or With Base Station Password in case you want to secure shared disk with a password,or choose With Accouts - if you want to secure disks with Accounts.

6. Choose Not Allowed, Read Only or Read and Write to assign guest access to the disk: 

7. There is a possibility to share the disk over the Internet by selecting "Share Disks over Ethernet WAN port" check-box if you want to provide remote access and if you do share disks over Ethernet you can also "Advertise disks globally using Bonjour".

8. Set the WORKGROUP and WINS-server for Windows File Sharing.

9. Press the Update button to apply changes. AirPort will require to reboot Base Station. Confirm Reboot. 

10. USB-HDD is now mounted as a sharepoint in OS X.

Basically mapping drives is assigning a letter to a disk or drive. Mapping drive usually means connecting to a server share, network share with documents or anything else you may need. A server share in fact is a shared folder on any computer in the network which is being shared. When you Map a Drive, it means that you want access shared folder on your computer, which is done by mapping it a letter: X,Y,Z etc.

Note: network mapped drives are available only if the computer host computer is on-line.

How to Map a Network Drive In Windows XP:

1. Open "My Computer" > in the menu bar click on "Tools" and choose "Map Network Drive...":

2. In the opened window select the letter for mapped drive from the drop-down list and and specify shared folder on the network using UNC path  (Universal Name Convention or

Uniform Naming Convention)sinto the folder. First use "\\" two slaches and then the computer name - "\\sharedPC" - or computer IP-address - "\\192.168.1.10" - and then another "\" followed by the shared fodler name - \\sharedPC\sharedfolder  or \\192.168.1.10\sharedfolder.

Check the "Reconnect at logon" check-box to connect mapped drive at every logon, i.e. to make the connection permanent, even if the computer is restared.

If you are not sure about shared folder name - you can browse it using "Browse" button.

After adding mapped drive it appears in "My Computer" and can be accessed as a common drive: 

It's like a usual phone, but it uses internet connection instead of phone line.  And so far as it has Skype - so all calls are free.